study of grotesque elements in "mohammad shirzad " stories in eskandarnameh

grotesque was introduced to european literature by the middle of sixteenth century, though previous definitions of this terminology were available before. although this term was introduced to aesthetics at the same time with its introduction to philosophy of arts, kayser made it official and defined it as an expression of alienation and the chaotic world in the nineteenth century. grotesque, as the definitions go, contains everything odd or strange. this oddity could be of humans, animals, spaces or amazing, strange or dispiteous situations. generally, anything that contains these three characteristics while it is funny, is considered to be grotesque. in this article, whit the library-documentary method, alongside introducing definitions of this term, we reviewed shirzad’s “alexander the great”, the last part of the book “eskandarnameh” regarding these elements. this stories presented, like all other stories of this book rich and special elements, it was divided into seven kinds of human, animal, grotesque atmosphere, language elements etc. this subject shows that vulgar stories also, like other stories can be the suitable background for this view.